Nociceptor
/noh-sih-SEP-tor/
A sensory receptor that detects potentially damaging stimuli and transmits pain signals to the CNS. CB1 and CB2 receptors on nociceptors are key targets for cannabinoid analgesia.
In Depth
Nociceptors are free nerve endings of Aδ and C fibers that respond to thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. They express CB1 receptors (predominantly) and CB2 receptors, as well as TRPV1 channels. Cannabinoid activation of peripheral nociceptor CB1 receptors reduces pain signal transmission without CNS effects, which is the rationale for topical cannabinoid formulations. Peripheral sensitization of nociceptors (in inflammatory pain) involves upregulation of TRPV1 and CB1 receptors.
Related Terms
Further Reading
More in Neuroscience
Retrograde Signaling
A form of synaptic communication where the postsynaptic neuron sends chemical signals back to the presynaptic neuron to modulate neurotransmitter release.
Neurogenesis
The process by which new neurons are formed in the brain. In adults, primarily occurs in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus) and olfactory bulb.
Neuroprotection
The preservation of neuronal structure and function against injury, degeneration, or disease.
Neuroinflammation
Inflammation of nervous tissue, involving activation of microglia and astrocytes and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the CNS.
Hippocampus
A brain region critical for memory formation, spatial navigation, and stress regulation. Highly enriched in CB1 receptors and particularly sensitive to cannabinoid effects.