GABA (γ-Aminobutyric Acid)
/GAB-uh/
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. The endocannabinoid system modulates GABA release via CB1 receptors on GABAergic interneurons.
In Depth
CB1 receptors are expressed on both GABAergic (inhibitory) and glutamatergic (excitatory) neurons. CB1 activation on GABAergic interneurons reduces GABA release, leading to disinhibition of downstream neurons — this is the mechanism by which THC increases dopamine release in the reward pathway. In the hippocampus, CB1-mediated modulation of GABA and glutamate balance is critical for memory and seizure threshold. CBD's anticonvulsant effects may partly involve enhancement of GABAergic inhibition.
More in Neuroscience
Retrograde Signaling
A form of synaptic communication where the postsynaptic neuron sends chemical signals back to the presynaptic neuron to modulate neurotransmitter release.
Neurogenesis
The process by which new neurons are formed in the brain. In adults, primarily occurs in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus) and olfactory bulb.
Neuroprotection
The preservation of neuronal structure and function against injury, degeneration, or disease.
Neuroinflammation
Inflammation of nervous tissue, involving activation of microglia and astrocytes and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the CNS.
Hippocampus
A brain region critical for memory formation, spatial navigation, and stress regulation. Highly enriched in CB1 receptors and particularly sensitive to cannabinoid effects.