Neurodegeneration
Progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, as seen in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Huntington's disease.
In Depth
The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. CB1 receptor density is reduced in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. CB2 receptors are upregulated on activated microglia in neurodegenerative lesions. Cannabinoids have shown neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer's (reducing amyloid-β and tau pathology), Parkinson's (protecting dopaminergic neurons), and ALS. Clinical trials are ongoing but results have been mixed, and no cannabinoid is approved for any neurodegenerative indication.
Further Reading
More in Neuroscience
Retrograde Signaling
A form of synaptic communication where the postsynaptic neuron sends chemical signals back to the presynaptic neuron to modulate neurotransmitter release.
Neurogenesis
The process by which new neurons are formed in the brain. In adults, primarily occurs in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus) and olfactory bulb.
Neuroprotection
The preservation of neuronal structure and function against injury, degeneration, or disease.
Neuroinflammation
Inflammation of nervous tissue, involving activation of microglia and astrocytes and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the CNS.
Hippocampus
A brain region critical for memory formation, spatial navigation, and stress regulation. Highly enriched in CB1 receptors and particularly sensitive to cannabinoid effects.