Microglia
/my-KROG-lee-uh/
The resident immune cells of the central nervous system. Activated microglia drive neuroinflammation and are a key target of CB2 receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory effects.
In Depth
Microglia constitute approximately 10–15% of brain cells and serve as the brain's primary immune defense. In their resting state, they survey the CNS for pathogens and cellular debris. Upon activation, they release pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and reactive oxygen species. CB2 receptors are upregulated on activated microglia, and CB2 agonism shifts microglia toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. This makes CB2 receptors attractive targets for neuroinflammatory diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Related Terms
Further Reading
More in Neuroscience
Retrograde Signaling
A form of synaptic communication where the postsynaptic neuron sends chemical signals back to the presynaptic neuron to modulate neurotransmitter release.
Neurogenesis
The process by which new neurons are formed in the brain. In adults, primarily occurs in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus) and olfactory bulb.
Neuroprotection
The preservation of neuronal structure and function against injury, degeneration, or disease.
Neuroinflammation
Inflammation of nervous tissue, involving activation of microglia and astrocytes and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the CNS.
Hippocampus
A brain region critical for memory formation, spatial navigation, and stress regulation. Highly enriched in CB1 receptors and particularly sensitive to cannabinoid effects.