β-Caryophyllene (BCP)
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A sesquiterpene found in cannabis, black pepper, and cloves. The only terpene known to directly activate cannabinoid receptors — a selective CB2 agonist.
In Depth
β-Caryophyllene's CB2 agonism is unique among terpenes and makes it a "dietary cannabinoid." CB2 activation produces anti-inflammatory effects without psychoactivity. BCP has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects in animal models. It is also a potent activator of PPAR-γ, contributing to metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects. BCP is the most studied terpene for therapeutic potential and is found in many foods (black pepper, basil, oregano).
Further Reading
More in Chemistry
Decarboxylation
The chemical process by which a carboxyl group (COOH) is removed from a molecule, releasing CO₂. Converts inactive cannabinoid acids (THCA, CBDA) into their active forms (THC, CBD).
THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid)
The acidic, non-psychoactive precursor to THC found in raw, unheated cannabis. Converted to THC through decarboxylation.
CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)
The acidic precursor to CBD found in raw cannabis. Converted to CBD through decarboxylation.
Lipophilicity
The tendency of a molecule to dissolve in fats, oils, and non-polar solvents rather than water. Cannabinoids are highly lipophilic.
Myrcene
The most abundant terpene in most cannabis strains. Produces an earthy, musky aroma. Proposed to enhance cannabinoid absorption and contribute to sedating effects.