Potency
The concentration of cannabinoids (primarily THC and CBD) in a cannabis product, typically expressed as a percentage of dry weight or mg/g.
In Depth
Cannabis potency has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. Average THC content in confiscated US cannabis rose from ~4% in the 1990s to >12% by 2014, with some products exceeding 30%. High-potency concentrates (shatter, wax, distillate) can reach 70–90% THC. Higher potency is associated with greater risk of adverse effects including psychosis, anxiety, and cannabis use disorder. CBD content has also increased in medical cannabis strains, with some hemp-derived products containing >20% CBD.
Related Terms
More in Chemistry
Decarboxylation
The chemical process by which a carboxyl group (COOH) is removed from a molecule, releasing CO₂. Converts inactive cannabinoid acids (THCA, CBDA) into their active forms (THC, CBD).
THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid)
The acidic, non-psychoactive precursor to THC found in raw, unheated cannabis. Converted to THC through decarboxylation.
CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)
The acidic precursor to CBD found in raw cannabis. Converted to CBD through decarboxylation.
Lipophilicity
The tendency of a molecule to dissolve in fats, oils, and non-polar solvents rather than water. Cannabinoids are highly lipophilic.
Myrcene
The most abundant terpene in most cannabis strains. Produces an earthy, musky aroma. Proposed to enhance cannabinoid absorption and contribute to sedating effects.