Indica vs. Sativa
A popular but scientifically unsupported classification of cannabis strains. "Indica" strains are associated with sedating effects; "sativa" with energizing effects — but these distinctions are not reliably supported by chemical analysis.
In Depth
The indica/sativa distinction is widely used in the cannabis industry but has little scientific validity. Genetic analysis shows that commercially labeled "indica" and "sativa" strains do not cluster into distinct genetic groups. The effects attributed to indica (sedating, body high) vs. sativa (energizing, cerebral) are more likely explained by differences in cannabinoid and terpene profiles — particularly THC:CBD ratio and myrcene content — than by botanical classification. Researchers and clinicians increasingly use chemotype (chemical profile) rather than strain type.
Related Terms
More in Chemistry
Decarboxylation
The chemical process by which a carboxyl group (COOH) is removed from a molecule, releasing CO₂. Converts inactive cannabinoid acids (THCA, CBDA) into their active forms (THC, CBD).
THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid)
The acidic, non-psychoactive precursor to THC found in raw, unheated cannabis. Converted to THC through decarboxylation.
CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)
The acidic precursor to CBD found in raw cannabis. Converted to CBD through decarboxylation.
Lipophilicity
The tendency of a molecule to dissolve in fats, oils, and non-polar solvents rather than water. Cannabinoids are highly lipophilic.
Myrcene
The most abundant terpene in most cannabis strains. Produces an earthy, musky aroma. Proposed to enhance cannabinoid absorption and contribute to sedating effects.