Cannabis sativa
The plant species from which all cannabis products are derived. Includes both marijuana (high-THC) and hemp (low-THC, ≤0.3%) varieties.
In Depth
Cannabis sativa is a dioecious annual plant in the family Cannabaceae. Taxonomically, all cannabis plants are Cannabis sativa — the distinction between "sativa," "indica," and "ruderalis" used in the cannabis industry does not correspond to meaningful botanical or pharmacological differences. The cannabinoid and terpene profile (chemotype) is a more scientifically meaningful classification than strain names. Cannabis sativa produces over 500 identified compounds including 100+ cannabinoids, 200+ terpenes, and 20+ flavonoids.
Related Terms
More in Chemistry
Decarboxylation
The chemical process by which a carboxyl group (COOH) is removed from a molecule, releasing CO₂. Converts inactive cannabinoid acids (THCA, CBDA) into their active forms (THC, CBD).
THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid)
The acidic, non-psychoactive precursor to THC found in raw, unheated cannabis. Converted to THC through decarboxylation.
CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)
The acidic precursor to CBD found in raw cannabis. Converted to CBD through decarboxylation.
Lipophilicity
The tendency of a molecule to dissolve in fats, oils, and non-polar solvents rather than water. Cannabinoids are highly lipophilic.
Myrcene
The most abundant terpene in most cannabis strains. Produces an earthy, musky aroma. Proposed to enhance cannabinoid absorption and contribute to sedating effects.