Extraction Methods
Techniques used to isolate cannabinoids and other compounds from cannabis plant material. Common methods include CO₂ extraction, ethanol extraction, and hydrocarbon extraction.
In Depth
CO₂ extraction (supercritical CO₂) is considered the gold standard for pharmaceutical-grade products — it is selective, leaves no solvent residue, and preserves terpenes. Ethanol extraction is efficient and scalable but may co-extract chlorophyll and waxes requiring further processing. Hydrocarbon extraction (butane, propane) produces high-potency concentrates but carries explosion risk and may leave residual solvents. Solventless methods (rosin pressing, ice water hash) preserve the full terpene profile but are less efficient. Extraction method significantly affects the final product's cannabinoid and terpene profile.
Related Terms
More in Chemistry
Decarboxylation
The chemical process by which a carboxyl group (COOH) is removed from a molecule, releasing CO₂. Converts inactive cannabinoid acids (THCA, CBDA) into their active forms (THC, CBD).
THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid)
The acidic, non-psychoactive precursor to THC found in raw, unheated cannabis. Converted to THC through decarboxylation.
CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)
The acidic precursor to CBD found in raw cannabis. Converted to CBD through decarboxylation.
Lipophilicity
The tendency of a molecule to dissolve in fats, oils, and non-polar solvents rather than water. Cannabinoids are highly lipophilic.
Myrcene
The most abundant terpene in most cannabis strains. Produces an earthy, musky aroma. Proposed to enhance cannabinoid absorption and contribute to sedating effects.