Immunomodulation
The modification of immune system activity. Cannabinoids modulate both innate and adaptive immunity, primarily through CB2 receptor activation on immune cells.
In Depth
The immune system is richly innervated by the ECS — CB2 receptors are expressed on virtually all immune cell types. Cannabinoid immunomodulation is generally anti-inflammatory: CB2 activation reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, promotes regulatory T cell activity, and shifts macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. These effects have implications for autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and cancer immunotherapy. However, immunosuppression also raises concerns about infection risk with chronic cannabis use.
Related Terms
Further Reading
More in Pharmacology
Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
A lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitter system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), their receptors (CB1, CB2), and metabolic enzymes.
CB1 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 1. A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in the central nervous system. The primary target of THC's psychoactive effects.
CB2 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 2. A GPCR primarily expressed in immune tissues and peripheral organs. Less abundant in the CNS than CB1.
Anandamide (AEA)
N-arachidonoylethanolamine. The first endocannabinoid identified. A partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, named from the Sanskrit word "ananda" meaning bliss.
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
The most abundant endocannabinoid in the brain. A full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors.