Cytokines
Small signaling proteins secreted by immune cells that regulate inflammation, immunity, and cell communication. Cannabinoids modulate cytokine production through CB2 receptor activation.
In Depth
Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17) drive inflammation in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. CB2 receptor activation on immune cells reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β). CBD also reduces cytokine production through PPAR-γ activation and NF-κB inhibition. Cytokine modulation is a key mechanism underlying cannabinoids' potential in autoimmune diseases, neuroinflammation, and sepsis.
Related Terms
Further Reading
More in Pharmacology
Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
A lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitter system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), their receptors (CB1, CB2), and metabolic enzymes.
CB1 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 1. A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in the central nervous system. The primary target of THC's psychoactive effects.
CB2 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 2. A GPCR primarily expressed in immune tissues and peripheral organs. Less abundant in the CNS than CB1.
Anandamide (AEA)
N-arachidonoylethanolamine. The first endocannabinoid identified. A partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, named from the Sanskrit word "ananda" meaning bliss.
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
The most abundant endocannabinoid in the brain. A full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors.