Cortisol
The primary stress hormone, released by the adrenal glands in response to stress. The endocannabinoid system modulates the HPA axis stress response, and cannabinoids affect cortisol levels.
In Depth
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response is regulated by the endocannabinoid system. CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus modulate cortisol release. Acute THC use increases cortisol, while chronic use blunts the cortisol stress response. CBD may reduce cortisol levels and attenuate the stress response. Dysregulated HPA axis function is implicated in PTSD, depression, and anxiety — conditions where cannabinoids show therapeutic potential.
Related Terms
More in Pharmacology
Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
A lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitter system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), their receptors (CB1, CB2), and metabolic enzymes.
CB1 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 1. A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in the central nervous system. The primary target of THC's psychoactive effects.
CB2 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 2. A GPCR primarily expressed in immune tissues and peripheral organs. Less abundant in the CNS than CB1.
Anandamide (AEA)
N-arachidonoylethanolamine. The first endocannabinoid identified. A partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, named from the Sanskrit word "ananda" meaning bliss.
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
The most abundant endocannabinoid in the brain. A full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors.