Apoptosis
/ap-oh-TOH-sis/
Programmed cell death — a controlled process of cellular self-destruction. Cannabinoids induce apoptosis in cancer cells while protecting normal cells.
In Depth
Cannabinoid-induced apoptosis in cancer cells is one of the most studied anticancer mechanisms. THC and CBD activate apoptotic pathways in cancer cells through ceramide accumulation, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, cannabinoids appear to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells — possibly because cancer cells have higher CB1/CB2 receptor expression. This selectivity is the basis for cannabinoid oncology research, though clinical evidence remains limited.
Further Reading
More in Pharmacology
Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
A lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitter system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), their receptors (CB1, CB2), and metabolic enzymes.
CB1 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 1. A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in the central nervous system. The primary target of THC's psychoactive effects.
CB2 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 2. A GPCR primarily expressed in immune tissues and peripheral organs. Less abundant in the CNS than CB1.
Anandamide (AEA)
N-arachidonoylethanolamine. The first endocannabinoid identified. A partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, named from the Sanskrit word "ananda" meaning bliss.
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
The most abundant endocannabinoid in the brain. A full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors.