Ceramide
A lipid signaling molecule that mediates apoptosis and stress responses. Cannabinoids induce ceramide accumulation in cancer cells, triggering apoptotic cell death.
In Depth
THC-induced ceramide synthesis is a key mechanism of cannabinoid anticancer activity. THC activates ceramide synthesis through CB1/CB2 receptor-dependent stimulation of sphingomyelinase and de novo ceramide synthesis. Ceramide accumulation activates ER stress and autophagy pathways, ultimately leading to cancer cell apoptosis. This mechanism is selective for cancer cells — normal cells are protected because they have lower CB1/CB2 expression and more efficient ceramide metabolism. Ceramide-based anticancer strategies are an active area of research.
Related Terms
Further Reading
More in Pharmacology
Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
A lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitter system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), their receptors (CB1, CB2), and metabolic enzymes.
CB1 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 1. A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in the central nervous system. The primary target of THC's psychoactive effects.
CB2 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 2. A GPCR primarily expressed in immune tissues and peripheral organs. Less abundant in the CNS than CB1.
Anandamide (AEA)
N-arachidonoylethanolamine. The first endocannabinoid identified. A partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, named from the Sanskrit word "ananda" meaning bliss.
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
The most abundant endocannabinoid in the brain. A full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors.