What are the pharmacological properties of CBG (cannabigerol)?

CBG (cannabigerol) is the biosynthetic precursor to THC, CBD, and CBC — often called the "mother cannabinoid." Its pharmacological profile is distinct from THC and CBD: Receptor activity: CBG is a partial agonist at CB1 (lower efficacy than THC, so less psychoactive) and CB2 receptors, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist, a 5-HT1A antagonist, and a TRPV1 agonist. Anti-inflammatory: CBG inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines — potentially relevant for IBD and neuroinflammation. Antibacterial: CBG shows potent activity against MRSA and other drug-resistant bacteria in vitro. Neuroprotective: CBG protected neurons in a Huntington's disease mouse model. Appetite stimulation: CBG stimulated appetite in rats without THC-like psychoactivity. Limitations: virtually all CBG research is preclinical; no human RCTs exist. Commercial interest has outpaced the science significantly.