What does linalool do, and is there evidence for its effects?

Linalool is a monoterpene found in cannabis (and lavender, coriander, and basil) that has attracted significant research interest for its potential anxiolytic and sedative properties. Pharmacology: linalool modulates GABA-A receptors (similar mechanism to benzodiazepines), inhibits glutamate receptors, and activates adenosine A2A receptors. In animal models, inhaled linalool reduces anxiety-like behavior without impairing motor function — a key distinction from benzodiazepines. Anti-inflammatory: linalool inhibits NF-κB signaling and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in preclinical models. Analgesic: linalool activates opioid receptors in mouse pain models. Human evidence: a 2018 study found linalool inhalation reduced anxiety in ICU nurses (small, uncontrolled). Lavender oil (high linalool) has modest RCT evidence for anxiety (Silexan, a licensed lavender preparation). Whether linalool concentrations in cannabis are sufficient to produce meaningful effects is unknown — most cannabis contains <1% linalool by weight, and inhalation bioavailability of terpenes is poorly characterized.