How should cannabis be stored, and how does it degrade over time?

Cannabis degradation is a clinically relevant issue because it changes the cannabinoid and terpene profile, altering both effects and potency. Primary degradation pathways: (1) Decarboxylation: THCA slowly converts to THC at room temperature; THC then oxidizes to CBN (cannabinol) — a process accelerated by heat, light, and oxygen. (2) Terpene evaporation: terpenes are volatile and evaporate rapidly at room temperature, especially with exposure to air. (3) Mold growth: humidity above 65% promotes Aspergillus and other mold growth. Optimal storage conditions: temperature 15–21°C (59–70°F), humidity 59–63% RH (use Boveda packs), dark (UV light degrades cannabinoids), airtight glass container (plastic causes static and terpene absorption). Shelf life: properly stored cannabis retains potency for 6–12 months; degradation accelerates after 1 year. Concentrates and oils: more stable than flower if stored properly; refrigeration or freezing extends shelf life. Edibles: follow standard food safety guidelines; THC is stable in fat-based products.